台灣近年罹患肺癌患者有明顯增加的趨勢，肺癌已蟬聯10年十大癌症的死亡之冠。從肺癌類型當中，肺腺癌的比最高；而造成肺癌比例直線上升的因素，最大原因為空氣汙染（PM2.5）及吸菸等危險因子導致，根據世界衛生組織統計指出，全球每年約700萬人死於空氣汙染。
肺癌術後4種復健治療方式 助維持心肺功能
肺癌患者恐面臨肺葉切除手術，但手術潛藏風險除了肺功能損害外，術後傷口疼痛常導致患者畏懼呼吸及咳嗽，進而容易造成痰液累積、肺部塌陷及擴張不全等併發症，術後的復健衛教及治療勢在必行。衛生福利部南投醫院物理治療師王瓊敏提出常見4種復健治療方式，讓民眾能在家進行，增加心肺功能並降低手術後併發症的發生機率：
1、腹式呼吸
採輕鬆姿勢，用鼻子緩慢深呼吸，胸與上腹部向外擴張，再由嘴巴慢慢吐氣，胸與上腹部慢慢往內縮（吸氣3秒、吐氣6秒），每分鐘7至8次，每次10至20分鐘，每日2至3次，逐步增加訓練頻率。
2、呼吸道清潔
運用姿位引流、扣擊拍痰、咳嗽運動等可鬆動痰液並引流至較大氣管處，以利痰液排除，不至讓痰液滯留進而引發肺部感染。
3、上肢伸展訓練
可促進血液循環，幫助肺部擴張。雙手緊握彈力帶水平向外伸展，伸展同時由鼻腔慢慢將空氣吸入，直至完全伸展後再慢慢放鬆吐氣，雙手回到中線位置，每分鐘7至8次，每次10至20分鐘，每日2至3次，逐步增加訓練頻率。
4、心肺功能訓練
當患者體力許可，可利用跑步機、固定式腳踏車或登階運動等，訓練有氧心肺功能，進行每週3至5次，每次30分鐘，運動強度需達最大心跳（220減掉年齡）的60至80％（即中至高強度）有氧心肺功能訓練。
有家族病史者 自身也需篩檢追蹤
近年來罹患肺癌的年齡層逐漸下降，南投醫院院長洪弘昌表示，有家族病史者是罹患肺癌的高危險群，原因取決於環境、飲食、生活習慣等，而吸菸、二手菸、烹飪油煙、空氣汙染及曾罹患肺部疾病等皆是肺癌的危險因子。家中成員若罹患肺癌，其他家屬也需重視、定期至醫院請專業醫師安排相關篩檢及追蹤。
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Taiwan has a significant increase in lung cancer in recent years, and lung cancer has been the crown of death for the top ten cancers in 10 years. Among the types of lung cancer, the ratio of lung adenocarcinoma is the highest; the cause of the rising proportion of lung cancer is the largest cause of air pollution (PM2.5) and smoking and other risk factors. According to the World Health Organization statistics, the world is about 700 per year. Ten thousand people died of air pollution.
Four kinds of rehabilitation treatments for lung cancer after surgery to help maintain heart and lung function
Patients with lung cancer may face lobectomy, but in addition to lung function damage, postoperative wound pain often leads to fear of breathing and coughing, which may lead to complications such as sputum accumulation, lung collapse and dilatation. Rehabilitation education and treatment are imperative. Wang Qiongmin, a physiotherapist at the Nantou Hospital of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, proposed four common rehabilitation treatment methods to enable people to perform at home, increase cardiopulmonary function and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications:
1, abdominal breathing
Take a relaxed posture, slowly take a deep breath with your nose, expand your chest and upper abdomen, and then slowly exhale from your mouth. The chest and upper abdomen slowly contract inward (inhalation for 3 seconds, exhalation for 6 seconds), 7 to 8 times per minute. Each time 10 to 20 minutes, 2 to 3 times a day, gradually increase the training frequency.
2, respiratory cleansing
Use posture drainage, slap shots, coughing movements, etc. to loosen the sputum and drain it to the larger trachea, so as to eliminate the sputum, and not let the sputum stay and cause lung infection.
3, upper limb stretching training
It can promote blood circulation and help the lungs to expand. Hold the elastic band horizontally and stretch outwards with both hands. Stretch and slowly inhale the air from the nasal cavity until you fully stretch, then slowly relax the exhalation. Return your hands to the midline position, 7 to 8 times per minute, 10 to 10 times each time. 20 minutes, 2 to 3 times a day, gradually increase the training frequency.
4, cardio-respiratory training
When the patient's physical strength permits, the aerobic cardiopulmonary function can be trained using a treadmill, a stationary bicycle, or a step-up exercise, for 3 to 5 times a week, 30 minutes each time, and the exercise intensity must reach the maximum heart rate (220 minus the age). 60 to 80% (ie medium to high intensity) aerobic cardiopulmonary training.
People with a family history need to be screened by themselves.
In recent years, the age group suffering from lung cancer has gradually declined. Hong Hongchang, president of Nantou Hospital, said that people with family history are at high risk of lung cancer, depending on the environment, diet, lifestyle, etc., while smoking, second-hand smoke, cooking fumes, Air pollution and previous lung disease are risk factors for lung cancer. If members of the family suffer from lung cancer, other family members should also pay attention to it and regularly go to the hospital to ask the professional doctor to arrange relevant screening and tracking.
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